Dorothy Leonard - Deep Smarts

Curriculum Vitae

Dorothy Leonard*

(* formerly Leonard-Barton)

Address:

            Graduate School of Business Administration

            Harvard University

            Soldiers Field

            Boston, Massachusetts 02163

Education:

M. A.   Harvard University (Honorary), 1992

Ph.D.   Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 1979

M.A.    University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 1968

            B.A.     Principia College, Elsah, IL, summa cum laude, 1963

Principal Fields of Interest:

The generation and management of knowledge: 1) transfer of knowledge/expertise across professional, cultural and geographic boundaries; 2) design, development and commercialization of new technologies; 3) development of strategic technological capabilities; 4) management of creative teams.

Full-Time Employment:

Board of Directors:   

American Management Systems, Fairfax, Virginia 1992—2004

            Gannett Communications 1997—99

Advisory Boards:      

Product Development and Management Association 2002--present;

Daimler-Chrysler, Stuttgart, Germany 1999--2001;

ViOS 1999-2000;

Nordia 1999-2001;

Creative Realities; 2004-present.

Ash Foundation 2004- present.

Industrial Consulting Record (Selected Companies):

International Experience:

            Research in China, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Philippines

            Consultant, U.S. Agency for International Development:

                        Jamaica, Indonesia, Thailand

            Visiting Professor, Athens Laboratory for Business Administration, Greece

            Consultant, National Swedish Board for Technical Development

            Member, Stanford University Science and Technology delegation to China

            Visiting Professor, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland

Ten years experience in Indonesia and Thailand, working for private and public sector organizations.

Languages:  Thai, Indonesian, French

Government Service:

            Massachusetts Technology Collaborative, 1996-1997.

            National Academy of Sciences Steering Group on Management of Engineering

        and Technology:  Presentation: "The Management of Technology", 1989.

National Research Council:  Panel on Barriers to Adoption of New Infrastructure Technology Committee on National Urban Policy, 1987.

National Science Foundation Oversight Panel for Annual Science and Technology Report to Congress, 1982.

National Academy of Sciences Committee on the Behavioral and Social Aspects of Energy Consumption and Production, 1981 - 1983.

Testimony before House Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications, Committee on Science and Technology, February 1980.

Member, Editorial Board:

            The International Journal of Innovation Management

            Journal of Engineering and Technology Management

            Journal of High Technology Marketing

            The Journal of Knowledge Management

            The Journal of New Product Development

            Organization Science (Senior Editor, 1992-94)

Ad hoc Reviewer for:

            National Science Foundation

            Journal of Consumer Research

            Research Policy

            Management Science

            IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management

            Administrative Science Quarterly

            Academy of Management Journal

            Strategic Management Journal

Professional Associations:

Technology and Innovation Management Division, Academy of Management (Executive Committee, 1997-1999); Information Technologies Steering Group, Marketing Science Institute; International Communication Association; Association for Consumer Research; IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); The Institute of Management Sciences.

Subjects Taught at M.I.T.:

            Research and Development Management

            Managing the Diffusion of Innovations

            International Technology Transfer

Subjects Taught at Harvard in M.B.A. and Executive Programs:

            Knowledge Management; Leveraging Corporate Capabilities

            Managing Global Opportunities; Managing International Collaboration

            Enhancing Corporate Creativity

            Managing Innovation

            Developing and Managing Technology (New Product and Process Development)

            Technology and Operations Management

            Organizational Behavior

            Leading Product Development

Books:

Deep Smarts: How to Cultivate and Transfer Enduring Business Wisdom with Walter Swap, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School, 2005. Multiple translations.

When Sparks Fly: Harnessing the Power of Group Creativity, with Walter Swap, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, Paperback ed., 2005. 

Awarded “Best Book on Creativity” by the European Association for Creativity and Innovation. 

When Sparks Fly: Igniting Group Creativity, with Walter C. Swap, Boston, MA:  Harvard Business School Press, 1999.

            Translations: Portuguese edition Brazil: Artmed Editora Ltda., 2001, 2003; Chinese 2001; Korean 2001; Spanish, 2001.

Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA:  Harvard Business School Press, 1995.  Reissued in paperback, 1998. 

Translations: Portuguese edition:  Nascentes do Saber: Criando e sustentando as fontes de inovação  Rio de Janeiro:  Fundação Getulio Vargas, 1998; Chinese 1998; Japanese 2001; Indonesian, Dutch.

Journal Articles:

“How to Salvage Your Company’s Deep Smarts,” in CIO, May 1, 2005.

“Deep Smarts: Experience-Based Knowledge,” with Walter Swap, in Executive Update

             January, 2005

 “Deep Smarts,” with Walter Swap, in Harvard Business Review September, 2004; Reprint #7731.

“Resource Allocation Beyond Firm Boundaries: A Multi-level Model for Open Source

 Innovation” with Simon Grand, George von Krogh and Walter Swap, in LRP:

 long range planning, Vol. 37, No. 6, 591-610, December 2004.

“The Apprentice -- and the Knowledge Coach” in Sloan Management Review July, 2004

“Case study on technology and distance in education at the Harvard Business School,” with Brian DeLacey, in. Educational Technology & Society 5 (2) 2002, ISSN 1436-4522.

“The Limitations of Listening” in Harvard Business Review, Vol. 80, No. 1, 93, January 2002.

“Using Mentoring and Storytelling to Transfer Knowledge in the Workplace,” with
Walter C. Swap, Mary Shields, and Lisa Abrams, in Journal of Management and Information Systems, Vol. 18, 95-114, Summer 2001.

“Gurus in the Garage” with Walter C. Swap, in Harvard Business Review,

            Vol. 78, No. 6, 71-82, November/December 2000.  Reprint #R00609.

“The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Group Innovation” with Sylvia Sensiper, in California            Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, 112-132, Spring 1998.  Reprint #CMR111.

            Reprinted with new introduction in Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge, eds. C. W. Choo and N. Bontis.  New York: Oxford University Press, March 2002.

“Spark Innovation Through Empathic Design” with Jeffrey Rayport, in Harvard Business Review, Vol. 75, No. 6,102-113, November/December 1997.  Reprint #97606.

“Mining Knowledge Assets for Innovation” in Knowledge Management, Issue 1, Vol. 1, 11-13, August/ September 1997.

“Putting Your Company’s Whole Brain to Work” with Susaan Straus, in Harvard Business Review, Vol. 75, No. 4, 110-122, July/August 1997.  Reprint #97407.  Reprinted in Harvard Business Review on Knowledge Management, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press,1998.  Reprinted in Delivering Results: A New Mandate for Human Resources Professionals, ed. David Ulrich, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.

"How to Integrate Work and Deepen Expertise" with H. Kent Bowen, Kim B. Clark, Charles A. Holloway, and Steven C. Wheelwright in Harvard Business Review, Vol. 72, No. 5, 121-130, September/October 1994.  Reprint #94502.  Reprinted in The Work of Teams, ed. John Katzenbach. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, Fall 1998.

"Is it Too Late for Pacer to Change Course?" with others, response to "When New Products and Customer Loyalty Collide," in Harvard Business Review, 25-28, November/December 1993.

"Developer-User Interaction and User Satisfaction in Internal Technology Transfer" with Deepak Sinha, in Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 36, No. 5, 1125-1139, 1993.

"Management of Technology and Moose on Tables" in Organization Science 3, No. 4, 556-558, 1992.

"The Factory as a Learning Laboratory" Sloan Management Review Vol. 34, No. 1, 23-38, 1992.  Reprinted in Managing Learning, eds. Christopher Mabey and Paul Iles.  London: Routledge, 1995. Reprinted in Core Competency-Based Strategy, eds. Andrew Campbell and Kathleen Sommers Luchs.  London: International Thomson Business Press, 1997. 

"Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development" Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, Summer Special Issue, 111-125, 1992.  Reprinted in Organizational Capability and Competitive Advantage, eds. William Lazonick and William Mass.  London: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 1995.  Reprinted in Managing Strategic Innovation and Change: A Collection of Readings, eds. Michael L. Tushman and Philip Anderson.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.  Winner, Best Paper Prize, 2001.  Reprinted in The International Library of Critical Writings on Business and Management, ed. Julian Birkinshaw.  London: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2003.  Reprinted in The Management Of Innovation, ed. John Storey. London: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., Summer 2004.

"Inanimate Integrators: A Block of Wood Speaks" in Design Management Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, 61-67, Summer 1991.

"The Role of Process Innovation and Adaptation in Attaining Strategic Technological Capability" in International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 6, Nos. 3/4, 303-320, 1991.

"Beating Murphy's Law" with W. Bruce Chew and Roger E. Bohn in Sloan Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, 5-16, 1991.

"A Dual Methodology for Case Studies: Synergistic Use of a Longitudinal Single-Site with Replicated Multiple-Sites" in Organization Science, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-19, 1990.  Reprinted in Longitudinal Research Methods, eds. George P. Huber and Andrew H. Van de Ven, Sage Publications, 1995.

"Implementation Characteristics in Organizational Innovations" in Communication Research, Vol. 15, No. 5, October 1988.  Reprinted in Innovation in View of Europe '92.

"Implementation as Mutual Adaptation of Technology and Organization" in Research Policy, Vol. 17, No. 5, October 1988.

"Managerial Influences in the Implementation of a New Technology" with Isabelle Deschamps in Management Science, Vol. 34, No. 10 pp. 1-13, October 1988.

"Putting Expert Systems to Work" with John Sviokla, in Harvard Business Review, Vol. 66, No. 2, March/April 1988.

"The Case for Integrative Innovation: An Expert System at Digital" in Sloan Management Review, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 7-19, October/November 1987.

"Implementing Structured Software Methodologies: A Case of Innovation in Process Technology" in Interfaces, 17: 3, pp. 6-17, May/June 1987

"The Implementation of New Technologies" with William Kraus, in Harvard Business Review, November/December 1985.  Reprinted in William Mayon-White, Planning and Management Change.  London: Harper and Row, 1986.

"Experts as Negative Opinion Leaders in the Diffusion of a Technical Innovation" in Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 11, No. 4, March 1985.

"Diffusing Innovations When the Users are not the Choosers:  The Case of Dentists" in Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 89-111, September 1984.

"Swedish Entrepreneurs in Manufacturing Firms and Their Sources of Information" in Research Policy, Vol. 13: pp. 101-114, 1984.

"Voluntary Simplicity Lifestyles and Energy Conservation" in Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 8, December 1981.

"Testing Social Theories in Marketing Settings" with Everett M. Rogers, in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 2l, No. 4, March/April 1978.

Chapters:

“Innovation as a Knowledge Generation and Transfer Process” in Communication of Innovations: A Journey with Everett M. Rogers, eds. Arvind Singhal and Jim Dearing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, in press.

“Market Research in New Product Development,” in Handbook of Knowledge Creation and Management, eds. Ikujio Nonaka, Kazuo Ichijo. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

 “Operating as a Knowledge System” in Knowledge Capital: How Knowledge-Based Enterprises Really Get Built, ed. Jay L. Chatzkel. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 24-39, 2003.

"Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development" reprinted in The Management Innovation, ed. John Storey.  London: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2003. 

"The Value of 'Been There, Done That’” with Walter C. Swap, in Leading for Innovation and Organizing for Results, eds. F. Hesselbein, M. Goldsmith, I. Somerville.  San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 165-176, 2001.

"Tacit Knowledge, Unarticulated Needs, and Empathic Design in New Product Development" in Knowledge Management, Classic and Contemporary Works, eds. Daryl Morey, Mark Maybury, and Bhavani Thuraisingham.  Boston: The MIT Press, 2000.

"Core Capabilities" in The Handbook of Technology Management, ed. Richard Dorf.  Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997.

"Virtual Teams: Using Communications Technology to Manage Geographically Dispersed Development Groups" with Paul Brands, Amy Edmondson, and Justine Fenwick, in Sense and Respond: Capturing Value in the Network Era, eds. S.P. Bradley and R. L. Nolan.  Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.

"Alliance Clusters in Multimedia: Safety Net or Entanglement?" with Benjamin Gomes-Cassares, in Competing in the Age of Digital Convergence, ed. D.B Yoffie.  Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.

"Commercial Technology: Imaginative Understanding of User Needs" with Edith Wilson and John Doyle, in Engines of Innovation: U.S. Industrial Research at the End of an Era, eds. Richard Rosenbloom and William J. Spencer.  Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1996.

"How to Integrate Work and Deepen Expertise" with H. Kent Bowen, Kim B. Clark, Charles Holloway and Steven Wheelwright, in The Product Development Challenge, eds. Kim Clark, Steven Wheelwright.  Boston: Harvard Business School, 1995.

"Modes of Technology Transfer" in Technology Strategies in the Nineties: A Tricontinental Handbook, eds. Gerard Pogorel and Jose Allouche.  Milan: Franco Angeli, 1995.

"Developing New Process Capabilities" with Warren Smith in Managing Technology and Innovation, eds. William Souder and J. Daniel Sherman.  New York: McGraw Hill, 1994.

"Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities" with others in The Perpetual Enterprise Machine, eds. Kent Bowen, Kim Clark, Charles Holloway, and Steven Wheelwright.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

"Guiding Visions" with others in The Perpetual Enterprise Machine, eds. Kent Bowen, Kim Clark, Charles Holloway, and Steven Wheelwright.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

"The Intra-organizational Environment” in Technology Transfer:  A Communication Perspective, eds. Frederick Williams and David Gibson.  Newbury Park, CA:  Sage Publications, pp. 43-62, 1990.

"Implementing New Production Technologies: Exercises in Corporate Learning” in Managing Complexity in High Technology Organizations , eds. Mary Ann Von Glinow and Susan Mohrman.  New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 160-187, 1990.

"Marketing Advanced Manufacturing Processes," with Janis Gogan in Implementing Advanced Technology, ed. Donald Davis.  San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.

"The Diffusion of Residential Solar Equipment in California," in Marketing Solar Energy Innovations, ed. Avraham Shama.  New York: Praeger Press, 1981.

"Diffusion of Energy Conservation Technologies," with others in Consumers and Energy Conservation: International Perspectives on Research and Policy Options, ed. John Claxton.  New York: Praeger Press, 1981.

Book Reviews:

In Administrative Science Quarterly, 1987.  Implementing New Technologies:  Choice, Decision and Change in Manufacturing, Review of: eds. Ed Rhodes and David Wield.

In Environment and Behavior, September 1982, 616-619.  Innovation Diffusion:  A New Perspective (1981). Review of: Lawrence Brown.

Technical Reports:

Leonard-Barton, Dorothy, Everett M. Rogers, Tamar Avi-Itzhak, and Ila Patel in The Potential Market for Solar Equipment Among California Homeowners, Final Report to the California Energy Commission.  Stanford University:  Institute for Communication Research, l980.

Rogers, Everett M., Victor Walling, Dorothy Leonard-Barton, and David Gibson, in Modeling Technological Innovation in Private Firms:  The Solar and Microprocessor Industries in Northern California, Report to the Innovation Processes and Their Management Group, National Science Foundation, l980.

Print Interviews (selected):

“Product Development:  Thought Leaders,” in Chief Executive, Special Issue: Technology and the CEO, 1997, p. 37.

“They Have a Better Idea - - Do You?” in Fast Company, August/September 1997, pp. 73-79.

“Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation:  An Interview with Dorothy Leonard,” in Strategy and Leadership, July/ August 1997, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 22-27.

“Growth Forum:  Deep Needs and the Fuzzy Front End,” in PDMA Visions, July 1997, Vol. XXI, No. 3, pp. 6-7.

“Leading Lights:  Innovation Expert Dorothy Leonard-Barton,” in Knowledge, Inc., July 1996, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 8-10.

Teaching Materials: 

Multi-Media

Creativity: Managing Groups for Creativity & Innovation: CD (Hybrid Windows & Macintosh).

Content expert for this interactive, multimedia, management training program and reference tool on CD-ROM. Winner of two CINDY (Cinema in Industry) Awards:

GOLD for the Business Training category

BRONZE for Production Design

Interactive electronic teaching cases:

Knowledge Management (Three companies: Electronic Arts, IDEO and Pentafour), 9-699-149

Silicon Graphics,  2-397-702

Emerson Electric in China (Multi-Media and Paper),  1-694-064

Videos

Best Buy: The Innovation Initiative, 9-605-703

Knowledge Management at JPL

Retirement at JPL

Empathic Design Series:  Interval Research, An Interview with David Liddle, Ph.D., President and CEO, 1-696-507

Creative Abrasion:  Microsoft Corp., An Interview with Tom Corddry, General Manager, Family Reference Business Unit, 1-696-505

Creative Abrasion:  Nissan Design International, An Interview with Gerald P. Hirshberg, President, 1-696-504

Creative Abrasion:  Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center): Interview with J. S. Brown, R. Gold, and G. Kiczales, (Video), 1-696-056

Papers

Huysman, Marleen, Dorothy Leonard and Allison Nicolle, “Towards a Learning Perspective On Knowledge/Technology Transfer through Corporate Acquisitions.” Proceedings of the 35^th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2002.

Leonard, Dorothy A. and Brian J. DeLacey. "Designing Hybrid Online/In-Class Learning Programs for Adults."  Harvard Business School Working Paper Series, No. 03-036, 2002.

Leonard, Dorothy, Walter Swap, and Georg von Krogh. "Exploratory Capacity and the Adaptive Organization."  Harvard Business School Working Paper Series, No. 03-067, 2002.

Swap, Walter C. and Dorothy A. Leonard. "Transferring Expertise in Startup Companies: Forlorn Hope?" Harvard Business School Working Paper Series, No. 03-040, 2002.

DeLacey, Brian J. and Dorothy A. Leonard. "Case Study on Technology and Distance in Education at the Harvard Business School."  Harvard Business School Working Paper Series, No. 02-026, 2001.

Leonard, Dorothy A. and Brian J. DeLacey. "Technology and Mediated Learning at HBS: Dispersed Learning in Executive Education.” Harvard Business School Working Paper Series, No. 02-017, 2001.

Ph.D. Thesis Supervision:

Deborah Sole, “Knowledge Sharing Practices in Dispersed, Crossfunctional Teams,” 2001 expected.

Warren Smith, “Organizational Learning of Technology and the Dual Roles of Physical Modeling:  Paradigmatic Reinforcement and Technological Discontinuities,” 1996. 

Clayton Christensen, "The Innovator's Challenge:  Understanding the Influence of Market Environment on Processes of Technology Development in the Rigid Disk Drive Industry," 1992.

Donna Stoddard, "Information Technology and Design/Manufacturing Integration," 1991.

Mark Keil, "Managing MIS Implementation: Identifying and Removing Barriers to Use," 1991.

James McGee, "Implementing Systems Across Boundaries," 1990.

Isabelle Deschamps, "Developing New Technologies in a De-maturing Commodity Producer: An Empirical Study," 1990.

Janis Gogan, "Personal Computers in Organizations:  Determinants of Usage Behavior," 1988.

John Sviokla, "Planpower, XCON and Mudman:  An In-depth Analysis into Three Commercial Expert Systems in Use," 1986.

Nan Langowitz, "An Exploration of Production Problems in the Initial Commercial Manufacture of New Products," 1986.

Stephen Barley, "The Professional, The Semiprofessional, and the Machine:  Computer-based Imaging Modalities in Radiology," 1984.

Kumar Nochur, "Transfer of Technologies from a Central R&D Facility to Operating Divisions," 1984.

Jack Homer, "The Emergence of New Medical Technologies: A Dynamic Framework for Policy Analysis," 1983.

Julian Villalba, "Technological Strategies in a State-owned Enterprise: The Case of the Venezuelan Petroleum Industry," 1982.